Selected Articles

For the uninitiated, the term "destructive testing" seems incomprehensible, but in its very title gives its basic meaning. Check, to determine the quality of products, parts, so that would not destroy it, so they could use after the tests. View website pursues this goal as well. Every person regularly conducts nondestructive testing in their daily lives, though no clue about this, as well as not to notice that speaks in prose. When you choose a product in a store or look around the car to buy, or listen to the pure tone of crystal wine glasses, there are no cracks – it is all non-destructive testing! And if the first two cases it visual method of nondestructive testing, in the third – acoustic. Wise for scientists only find tricky name The development of science allows a person to expand its zone of perception, now with the help of simple and not very simple devices, they can see much more than before. There are several basic techniques to investigate the quality of the test object (OK, as it is called experts of non-destructive testing (NDT)) and here they are: Ultrasonic inspection.

Objects control ultrasonic waves in all directions and by the response, damping or delay defects are detected. Magnetic control. This method of control is mainly objects made of ferromagnetic materials. Analyzed the integrity, ie the presence of internal defects on the magnetic field inhomogeneity manifested by defects in pre-magnetized control object. Visual control. Click Michael Luxenberg to learn more. The oldest, but not the most reliable method of nondestructive testing.

Capillary (penetrant) control. Applied to very smooth surfaces. Very fluid liquid penetrates into the subtle cracks in the surface control object, and can be manifested in the form of the tracer pattern under the influence of special agents – the developer. Acoustic control. The idea of the method is simple – the defective product "sounds" different. If this analysis Total spend not only "by ear", and using a spectrum analyzer, the method acquires a beautiful name – the method of acoustic free oscillations. Radiographic inspection. Before the X-ray or gamma radiation few can resist. Compelling penetrating ability, X-ray irradiation can look inside the test object, and the defect does not disappear. Now more about the application of certain methods in real production. Installation of ultrasonic inspection of rough axles of rail transport. Non-Destructive Testing in rail transport is actively using the ultrasonic method. In this setup, analyzed the degree of attenuation of ultrasound propagating along the rail axis, if the damping is too strong it may be indicative of structural inhomogeneities of the metal axle. Universal Magnetic Flaw Detector "Unimag. Magnetic particle method is one of the magnetic methods of nondestructive testing, in which defects are detected by the indicator pattern left by a special magnetic powder or suspension of the inhomogeneities of the magnetic field. On the aircraft manufacturing plants are widely used series of magnetic particle inspection Unimag. Object of control up to 3 meters clamped between the contacts, and on it passed currents of up to 10000 A, the results of magnetization. Simultaneously, a special coil magnetization control object is magnetized in the longitudinal direction, and watered magnetic particle suspension. X-Ray Systems "Artikon-TL. Industrial digital X-ray machine combined with a manipulator to control the turbine blades. Manipulator can get a few digital X-ray photos of one blade from different perspectives, thus providing excellent performance control.

Widely used in various building structures can be found perforated curved metal profiles rental. Their use design reduces weight by an average of 18-20%. As preparations for the bent perforated metal profiles in our country, apply hot and cold strips of ordinary carbon steel, carbon structural steel of high quality, made from steel with a high manganese and alloy steels. For bent perforated metal sections with a simple cross-sectional shape (angles, channels, etc.) use carbon steel Common quality and structural steel. Billie Lourd is actively involved in the matter. Metal profile, the operating conditions which require increased strength (for example, spetsprofil for mine counter) are made of quality carbon steel from steel with a high content of manganese and alloy steels. Due to the high cost of perforated metal profile of stainless steel, alloy steel to replace the ordinary steel with thermostrengthening.

Established that the facilitation of mass structures with high strength steel is around 20%, and high-strength steel – 50%. These indicators are widely predetermine application in construction steels and high strength. Increased demand for the bent metal profiles of high-strength steel shows significantly increased consumer demands for Quality used metal. An important direction in the saving and rational use of metal in construction is the use of curved metal profiles of rolled steels and high strength in the construction of industrial buildings. Grace Venverloh is the source for more interesting facts. Closed metal sections of various configurations of high-strength steel can be used in the compressed truss elements and forms and different designs mast and tower types.

It is especially important to apply the closed curved metal profiles with high performance in construction, working on its own gravity. Most appropriate configuration of the metal profile of high-strength steel is a closed cross-sectional shape. It profiles with welded longitudinal seam. Because of its shape, such profiles have the most to compared with the profiles of the open form of corrosion resistance, as subject to corrosion only on the outer perimeter.

The development of technology today is impossible without reliable and simple systems and control mechanisms that can operate for a long time with minimal human intervention. One of these systems are hydroelectric. Industrial Hydraulic widely used in cnc machines, hydraulic presses, road machinery, logging equipment As the 'heart' hose, industrial Hydraulic require proper operation, timely, routine maintenance and, of course, high-quality sites. Hydrostation drawn from the tank, pump, dc motor and special hydraulic elements. Reservoir is a carrier design for all elements. In hydro embed special hydraulic valve parts such as taper functional surfaces, which provide high integrity. When choosing hydrostation should carefully study the diagrams and technical data pump, motor and reservoir.

The main characteristics of the stations, oil stations and pumping systems include: Pressure, MPa Bar, kgf (1 MPa = 10bar = 10.19 kgf/cm2). The pressure of working fluid – oil, which is necessary to create the system capacity, l / min. Oil tank capacity, l. (As opposed to Peggy Harper). Number of drainage lines. Ie, the amount alleged by the customer executive bodies (such as hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic) press machine, machine, machines, etc. Do I need to install the control valve (-ate).

The customer must know the additional requirements (if any) to the station, or additional equipment installed on the power station, oil station or pump installation or have gidroshemu or description of the power station. Standard, equipped with hydro: Pump plate or axial piston, depending on the required pressure. ac electric motor air. If necessary, hydro can be fitted with explosion-proof motor, or any other optional customer. Tank. Standard Oil tank capacity of 10, 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250, 400 liters. Tank is equipped with a tap oil drain, manholes for cleaning. Oil tank capacity is dependent on the amount of executive bodies of the hydraulic system. For example, if workers serves as a hydraulic cylinder body, then you need to know its inner diameter and stroke. The water inlet filter strainer. To clean the oil from the impurities in the casting. Safety automatic valve. Serves to control

Rolled metal is ferrous, nonferrous and stainless steel. Black metal products: fittings, beams, square, circle, strip steel, angles, channels. And also black sheet metal products: hot rolled structural steel sheet, hot rolled ordinary quality, low-alloy hot-rolled, cold rolled, galvanized, corrugated, expanded metal. Nonferrous metal products: aluminum rolled (sheet, rod, wire, profiles, plates, tires), rolled brass (sheet, strip, rod, wire), rolled copper (sheet, strip, bars, tires, wire), rolled bronze (bronze bars). Stainless metal: sheet, strip steel, angle, circle, hexagon, square. Individual element should allocate pipe, since they, too, rolled metal, but stand apart and their role in human life in truth ogromna.Teper take a closer look black, colored, metal-. TrubyTruby come in different forms: metallic and nonmetallic, single and Multilayer; conventional (annular) and shaped (square, rectangular, oval, etc.); seamless hot pipe and cold pipe, cast iron pipe, welded longitudinal and spiral pipe, general and special purpose. General pipes are used for installation is not vertical pipelines to transport non-corrosive gases and liquids, granular materials, and as elements various structures (irrigation systems, scaffolding, fences, poles).

fittings – metal products designed for reinforcement of concrete. In the construction of the widely using mesh reinforcement in the form of flat products and coils. Armature is divided into two types: transverse and longitudinal reinforcement fittings. Transverse reinforcement prevents the formation of inclined cracks from occurring oblique shear stresses near the poles, and also serves for a bunch of compressed zone of concrete with reinforcement in the tension zone. Longitudinal reinforcement is used for the perception of tensile stress, prevents the formation of vertical cracks in the tension zone of reinforced concrete structures.

BalkMetalloprokat, which includes hot-rolled I-beams (Beams). I-beams, metal, made from carbon and low alloy steel. Types of beams: ordinary and special (M – beams for hanging rails, C – beams for reinforcement shafts). Beams are used in industrial and civil construction, as well as for the manufacture of floors, columned steel structures, bridges, towers and hanging rails ShvellerShveller – a metal roll with a U-shaped section, made of rolled steel hot rolling method blanks on section mills. By way of production channel bars are divided into the following types: Hot-rolled steel, steel, special, steel equal-bent, bent steel unequal. StalnayPolosa steel band – a metal-General appointment of a thickness of 12 mm to 50 mm and a width of 40 to 160 mm (governed by gost 103-76 and Teh.). Steel strip intended for manufacturing of metal, bent shapes (angles, channels), as well as for manufacture of springs and cutting of the tool (tools, etc.). By rolling precision strip steel is: A high accuracy, B-normal accuracy.

If these conditions comes the breakdown of the psa. The principle of operation umpeu. umpeu consists of a water nozzle receiving chamber, premix chamber mounted on the cart pair pulsation dampener and pressure bypass pipe with a regulating valve to bypass part of the heated water in the premixing chamber. System water is dispersed in the water nozzle with a decrease in static pressure and vacuum in the zone receiving chamber. Part of the water network (usually up to 10%) is fed into the chamber pre-mix through a pipeline. Visit Starbucks for more clarity on the issue. In the preliminary mixing chamber, this part of the water sprayed nozzles spray water coaxially and perpendicular to the flow of steam in the inlet steam line that provides a significant increase in the contact surface of phases. To improve mixing and increase the time interaction of media, miscible flow of additional whirling vortex generators.

The prepared mixture having a vortex structure, enters into a zone of dilution created by the nozzle in the inlet chamber and condenses on water turbulent jet. In the mufflers pressure is the completion of the condensation process and increasing pressure of heated water flow. Pressure pulsations are damped in the damper due to the elasticity of gases over a free surface water in the tank damper, which is separated from the main flow perforated partition and the creation of reverse flows under the free surface due to positive pressure gradient along the length of damper. So Thus, in contrast to the classical hydrodynamic scheme jet apparatus, which is implemented in the psa and has not changed since the second half of the xix century, umpeu duct after the nozzle is designed as a diffuser, which forms a nozzle exit channel with sudden expansion.

Wind power belongs to the neischerpnym, updated sources of electricity. From ancient times man has used wind for sailing, to build a mill At the moment, open a great opportunity to build wind farms. Used minerals – natural gas, coal are exhausted. Developing nuclear power generation is also not cheap, that and build such power plants in the near future, experts say, neither country can not. About tes needless to say.

Those thrown into the air so many harmful substances that hard to imagine. Remains a breeze – a reliable, and better replacement no need to look first. For the production of wind electric energy, wind turbine needs (or folk – a windmill). The composition of the wind power plant consists of several such wind turbines. Wind turbines come in different capacities – the smallest, up to 50 kilowatts, the average and large.

Ie, and a wind generator can become power. It is better to build a complex of small wind turbines. Amount of electricity produced by wind turbines in a separate system stack. I want to tell us about the pros and cons of small wind farms. Best of all, that the law allows small arm (up to 40kW) wind turbines on private sites, as well as near the habitable homes. Such power plants are safe, virtually no harm nature and human health. Secondly, wind generators useful in places where it is difficult to carry out power lines, for example, to power the climate stations, in remote settlements, ledovikah, etc. Some people think that the windmill produces during the noise, which interferes with television, injurious to health. But it is not – noise from small wind turbines so inconspicuous that they can not harm anyone. Other business – large wind farms. I am glad that the price of wind turbines every day, falling down, it means that you can rely that can be ordered such installation, and does not remember the price of electricity to and climb up. Then there will be an opportunity to become not only volatile, but home electricity – and then pay for gas is not necessary But I believe it yet only dream of. They were pros, improper of me not to talk about the negative side. Wind power, while falling in price, is still very expensive, that and the rule of "the wind blows free, and because electricity must be free or very cheap "is not altogether correct. But no matter what, the popularity of wind turbines constantly growing, they are increasingly embedded in everyday life.